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Reactive oxygen species: Modulators of phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells
(
MDPI
, 2020 , Article Review)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism in the cell. At physiological levels, they play a vital role in cell signaling. However, high ROS levels cause oxidative stress, which is implicated ...
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: A progressive consequence of chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders
(
MDPI
, 2020 , Article Review)
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the earliest complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), presenting a silent cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent research relates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular ...